Measuring the Construction Efficiency of Zero-Waste City Clusters Based on an Undesirable Super-Efficiency Model and Kernel Density Estimation Method

The global total amount of generated solid waste is currently on a rapid growth trend. China, as the largest developing country, promulgated its Pilot Work Plan for Construction Zero-Waste Cities led by new development concept in 2018 after recognizing inadequacy and urgency management, lack valuable experience benchmark cities construction zero-waste cities. This study uses undesirable super-efficiency model kernel density estimation method to measure efficiency city 16 prefecture-level Shandong Province analyze their spatial temporal differences. Three major problems were found, namely, low regional coordination, rigid policies some local governments, unbalanced scale pure technical efficiency. Results show that whole shows declining then fluctuating trend, low-scale main reason behind decrease Suggestions are provided considering three aspects: improving synergy; government quality capacity, strengthening supervision revitalizing market; introducing social capital environmental pollution treatment. These suggestions ultimately help improve level construction.